One of the causes of a restrictive cardiomyopathy, the following page refers to this specific disease
5 Key Points
- Overall reduction of longitudinal strain and GLS.
- Typical distribution pattern with apical sparing.
- Disappearance of any longitudinal deformation (graph regresses towards zero line).
- Peak longitudinal systolic basal (antero)septal strain <−7.5% defined a highrisk group of patients.
- 2D Global longitudinal strain of <-11.7% is an independent predictors of survival.
Cases:
References:
- Bellavia D, Pellikka PA, Al-Zahrani GB, Abraham TP, Dispenzieri A, Miyazaki C, Lacy M, Scott CG, Oh JK, Miller FA Jr. Independent predictors of survival in primary systemic (Al) amyloidosis, including cardiac biomarkers and left ventricular strain imaging: an observational cohort study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010 Jun;23(6):643-52. 1
- Bellavia D, Abraham TP, Pellikka PA, Al-Zahrani GB, Dispenzieri A, Oh JK, Bailey KR, Wood CM, Novo S, Miyazaki C, Miller FA Jr. Detection of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in cardiac amyloidosis with strain rate echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007 Oct;20(10):1194-202. 2
- Buss SJ, Emami M, Mereles D, Korosoglou G, Kristen AV, Voss A, Schellberg D, Zugck C, Galuschky C, Giannitsis E, Hegenbart U, Ho AD, Katus HA, Schonland SO, Hardt SE. Longitudinal left ventricular function for prediction of survival in systemic light-chain amyloidosis: incremental value compared with clinical and biochemical markers. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012 Sep 18;60(12):1067-76. 3
- Sun JP, Stewart WJ, Yang XS, Donnell RO, Leon AR, Felner JM, Thomas JD, Merlino JD. Differentiation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cardiac amyloidosis from other causes of ventricular wall thickening by two-dimensional strain imaging echocardiography. Am J Cardiol. 2009 Feb 1;103(3):411-5. 4
- Liu D, Niemann M, Hu K, Herrmann S, Störk S, Knop S, Ertl G, Weidemann F. Echocardiographic evaluation of systolic and diastolic function in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Am J Cardiol. 2011 Aug 15;108(4):591-8. 5
- Koyama J, Ray-Sequin PA, Falk RH. Longitudinal myocardial function assessed by tissue velocity, strain, and strain rate tissue Doppler echocardiography in patients with AL (primary) cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation. 2003 May 20;107(19):2446-52. 6
- ♥ Phelan D, Collier P, Thavendiranathan P, Popović ZB, Hanna M, Plana JC, Marwick TH, Thomas JD. Relative apical sparing of longitudinal strain using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography is both sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. Heart. 2012 Oct;98(19):1442-8. 7
- Hu K, Liu D, Nordbeck P, Cikes M, Störk S, Kramer B, Gaudron PD, Schneider A, Knop S, Ertl G, Bijnens B, Weidemann F, Herrmann S. Impact of monitoring longitudinal systolic strain changes during serial echocardiography on outcome in patients with AL amyloidosis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015 Oct;31(7):1401-12. 8
- Koyama J, Falk RH. Prognostic significance of strain Doppler imaging in light-chain amyloidosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010 Apr;3(4):333-42. 9
- ♥ Ternacle J, Bodez D, Guellich A, Audureau E, Rappeneau S, Lim P, Radu C, Guendouz S, Couetil JP, Benhaiem N, Hittinger L, Dubois-Randé JL, Plante-Bordeneuve V, Mohty D, Deux JF, Damy T. Causes and Consequences of Longitudinal LV Dysfunction Assessed by 2D Strain Echocardiography in Cardiac Amyloidosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016 Feb;9(2):126-38. 10
- ♥ Selvanayagam JB, Hawkins PN, Paul B, Myerson SG, Neubauer S. Evaluation and management of the cardiac amyloidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Nov 27;50(22):2101-10. 11
- Porciani MC, Cappelli F, Perfetto F, Ciaccheri M, Castelli G, Ricceri I, Chiostri M, Franco B, Padeletti L. Rotational mechanics of the left ventricle in AL amyloidosis. Echocardiography. 2010 Oct;27(9):1061-8. 12